VLBI residuals

This dataset contains VLBI residuals derived from group delay analysis using the VieVS VLBI analysis software \citep{Boehm2018}. The residuals are based on 31 VGOS-OPS sessions (VO4003–VO4346) provided by the International VLBI Service (IVS) in 2024.

The least-squares analysis includes estimates of:

Troposphere parameters (zenith wet delays and gradients as piecewise linear offsets with 30-min and 3-h intervals, respectively).

Station clock behavior (rate, quadratic term, and hourly offsets).

Earth orientation parameters (polar motion, UT1–UTC, celestial pole offsets).

Station coordinates (tied to ITRF2020; \citealt{Altamimi2023}).

Source coordinates (tied to ICRF3; \citealt{Charlot2020}).

The stochastic model applies elevation-dependent weighting following \citet{Krasna2023}, while other modeling choices follow the IERS Conventions \citep{Petit2010}.

The residual analysis focuses on four geodetic VLBI stations: ONSA13NE (Sweden), WETTZ13S (Germany), MACGO12M (Texas, USA), and WESTFORD (Massachusetts, USA). These stations represent baselines of ~900 km (Europe) and ~3000 km (USA) and are known for their stable instrumentation and long-term geodetic data quality.